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# Hydromentia

Water Treatment Technologies

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## Posts

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- [ATS™ Treatment of Reverse Osmosis Concentrate](https://hydromentia.com/ats-treatment-of-reverse-osmosis-concentrate/) - Vero Beach, Florida (November 2012) - Indian River County, Florida authorized a six month pilot study of a multi-use water treatment facility based on HydroMentia’s Algal Turf Scrubber® (ATS™) technology. The ATS™ pilot rendered the water compliant with the applicable toxicity limits while achieving significant reductions in nitrogen and phosphorus. The purpose of the pilot
- [Establishing Standards of Comparison for Application in Cost and Benefit, Cost Effectiveness and Life Cycle Cost Analysis](https://hydromentia.com/establishing-standards-of-comparison-for-application-in-cost-and-benefit-cost-effectiveness-and-life-cycle-cost-analysis/) - To accurately compare various nutrient control technologies, it is critical that water treatment technologies or pollutant reduction alternatives are evaluated against the same set of criteria. To assure evaluation against the same criteria, a Standards of Comparison (SOC) should be applied when calculating pollutant removal costs. Provided below is a Nutrient Control Technologies Standards of
- [Taylor Creek ATS™ Algal Growth Inhibition Report](https://hydromentia.com/taylor-creek-ats-algal-growth-inhibition-report/) - Ocala, Florida (June 30, 2012) - Today the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) released the Algal Growth Inhibition Report for the Taylor Creek Watershed. This report confirms HydroMentia’s early findings of the presence of unknown constituent(s) in Taylor Creek that significantly inhibit the growth of algae. In 2005 the South Florida Water Management District
- [Preliminary Engineering Assessment for a Comprehensive Algal Turf Scrubber® Based Nutrient Control Program for the Suwannee River in Florida](https://hydromentia.com/preliminary-engineering-assessment-for-a-comprehensive-algal-turf-scrubber-based-nutrient-control-program-for-the-suwannee-river-in-florida/) - The Suwannee River, with its headwaters in the Okefenokee Swamp in south-central Georgia, continues for approximately 235 miles (378.1 km) to empty into the Gulf of Mexico on the northwestern coast (Big Bend area) of Florida. Though less than 50% of the Suwannee basin is located within Florida, the Suwannee River is Florida’s second largest
- [Optimizing Phosphorus Load Removal with Algal Turf Scrubber®](https://hydromentia.com/934/) - Construction is well under way on the Taylor Creek Algal Turf Scrubber® (ATS) nutrient recovery facility in Okeechobee County. Two years of successful pilot investigation of the ATS technology in the Lake Okeechobee watershed provided the basis for this project, which is being funded by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, the Department
- [Algae Scrubbers  Get Chance to Shine on Taylor Creek](https://hydromentia.com/algae-scrubbers-get-chance-to-shine-on-taylor-creek/) - Thursday’s environmental celebration had it all: A 3.6-acre pool filled with manure-laden runoff. Huge sheets of mesh-covered plastic designed to house pollution-munching algae. A throng of state environmental and farming leaders, pledging that this time they will rescue Lake Okeechobee from its smothering shroud of waste. And of course, Paul Newman, who came to an
- [Algae Scrubbers Could Become Major Tool for Stormwater Nutrient Removal](https://hydromentia.com/927/) - South Florida water managers have turned to an Ocala company to help them deal with the huge problem of phosphorus pollution near Lake Okeechobee. The company, HydroMentia Inc., believes it has a cheaper, more effective way to remove phosphorus and nitrogen from stormwater runoff. The firm says it’s algae-based scrubbers are effective at removing the nutrients, and could become
- [Algae scrubbers could help clean Caloosahatchee River](https://hydromentia.com/algae-scrubbers-could-help-clean-caloosahatchee-river/) - The same technology used to filter fish tanks could clean harmful nutrients from the Caloosahatchee River. Lee County leaders hope to put that technology to use with new funding the South Florida Water Management District recently made available for local projects. By now, most Southwest Florida residents are familiar with the concept of algae feeding on nutrients.
- [Funding Approved for Algal Turf Scrubber® Pilot In Everglades Agricultural Area](https://hydromentia.com/funding-approved-for-algal-turf-scrubber-pilot-in-everglades-agricultural-area/) - Everglades Agricultural Area (January 2008) - The South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) Governing Board has approved funding for an Algal Turf Scrubber® (ATS™) pilot study using HydroMentia’s Mobile Pilot Unit (MPU) in the Everglades Agricultural Area. The Pilot will run for a period of 12 months. The Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) covers an area
- [HydroMentia to Design Powell Creek Algal Turf Scrubber® Mobile Pilot Unit in Lee County, Florida](https://hydromentia.com/hydromentia-to-design-powell-creek-algal-turf-scrubber-mobile-pilot-unit-in-lee-county-florida/) - Lee County, Florida (February 2008) - Lee County, Florida, has awarded HydroMentia a contract to design an Algal Turf Scrubber® Mobile Pilot Unit water treatment system for Powell Creek, located in Fort Myers. Funding for the project was provided through a grant from the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD). The project design will include
- [Suwannee River Water Management District Contracts with HydroMentia](https://hydromentia.com/suwannee-river-water-management-district-contracts-with-hydromentia/) - Ocala, Florida (May, 2008) The Suwannee Water River Management District has contracted with HydroMentia Inc. to conduct a pilot study of the Algal Turf Scrubber® technology on the Santa Fe River in Alachua County, Florida. The pilot will be located on Boston Farms, a University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) research
- [Algal Turf Scrubber® Wins 2009 NSPE-PEI New Product Award](https://hydromentia.com/algal-turf-scrubber-wins-2009-nspe-pei-new-product-award/) - Ocala, Florida (May, 2009) - HydroMentia, Inc. has been awarded the 2009 New Product Award from the National Society of Professional Engineers and Professional Engineers in Industry (NSPE/PEI) for its Algal Turf Scrubber® technology. This prestigious national award honors the contributions American companies make to society based upon exemplary engineering research and design. “We are
- [Algal Turf Scrubber® to Benchmark Algae Biofuels Research](https://hydromentia.com/algal-turf-scrubber-to-benchmark-algae-biofuels-research/) - $3 million Chesapeake Algae Project (ChAP) researching commercial viability of algae biofuels Ocala, Florida, November 17, 2009 - The Algal Turf Scrubber ® from HydroMentia is being used in algae biofuels research being conducted by the Chesapeake Algae Project (ChAP). Norwegian global energy giant StatoilHydro is investing $3 million to launch the project. Other partners in
- [Indian River County’s Egret Marsh Stormwater Park Opens Featuring HydroMentia’s Algal Turf Scrubber®](https://hydromentia.com/indian-river-countys-egret-marsh-stormwater-park-opens-featuring-hydromentias-algal-turf-scrubber/) - Vero Beach, Florida (December 2009) - Indian River County’s Public Works Stormwater Division has officially opened the Egret Marsh Stormwater Park. The park features the Algal Turf Scrubber® water treatment system designed by HydroMentia, Inc. HydroMentia’s Algal Turf Scrubber® technology uses algae to remove excess nitrogen and phosphorus from water. Polluted water is conveyed to
- [Entrepenuer Panoz Elected Chairman of The Board of HydroMentia](https://hydromentia.com/entrepenuer-panoz-elected-chairman-of-the-board-of-hydromentia/) - Vietor and Sawyer Named to Board of Directors Ocala, Florida (December, 2009) HydroMentia, Inc, a water treatment company that produces algae as part of its process, has elected entrepreneur Donald E. Panoz as Chairman of its Board of Directors replacing Whitfield M. Palmer, Jr. who will assist him as Vice-Chairman. Panoz has been successful in
- [Indian River County Tests Innovative Use for the Algal Turf Scrubber®](https://hydromentia.com/indian-river-county-tests-innovative-use-for-the-algal-turf-scrubber/) - Vero Beach, Florida (September 2010) - Indian River County, Florida has authorized a six month pilot study of a multi-use water treatment facility based on HydroMentia’s Algal Turf Scrubber® (ATS™) technology. The purpose of the test is to evaluate the Algal Turf Scrubber’s® ability to eliminate toxicity associated with concentrate from Indian River County Utilities’
- [Scientists Use Algae to Scrub Harbor Water](https://hydromentia.com/scientists-use-algae-to-scrub-harbor-water/) - Sluiceways clean the polluted water in experiment at Fells Point By Timothy B. Wheeler, The Baltimore Sun In their quest to cure Baltimore's ailing harbor, advocates and authorities have tried one gadget after another: floating wetlands, a solar-powered aerator, even a trash wheel Add now the "algal turf scrubber," a long wooden sluiceway through which
- [HydroMentia Sponsors “Run for the Springs” Corporate  5k Run](https://hydromentia.com/hydromentia-sponsors-run-for-the-springs-corporate-5k-run/) - Ocala, Florida (April 17, 2013) Marion County’s first Run for the Springs Corporate 5K was hosted by Office of the County Engineer and its Stormwater Management Section. The “Run for the Springs”, a family-friendly 5K event was held this past Saturday at the McPherson Government Complex in Ocala, Florida. Participants enjoyed refreshments from the sponsors,
- [Unique Dual Purpose Algal Turf Scrubber® to Be Built In Indian River County, Florida](https://hydromentia.com/unique-dual-purpose-algal-turf-scrubber-to-be-built-in-indian-river-county-florida/) - Vero Beach, Florida (April 25, 2013) - Indian River County Florida requested construction bids for a groundbreaking Algal Turf Scrubber® (ATS™) expected to be operational in the first quarter of 2014. Faced with the necessity to stop discharging brine from the South County Reverse Osmosis Water Treatment Plant, the County asked HydroMentia if an Algal
- [Algal Turf Scrubber® Feasibility Report for Falls Lake, NC.](https://hydromentia.com/algal-turf-scrubber-feasibility-report-falls-lake-nc/) - City of Durham, North Carolina (October 25, 2013) - The Final Feasibility Report for application of the Algal Turf Scrubber® (ATS™) in the Falls Lake watershed was submitted to the City of Durham, North Carolina. Falls Lake is a primary source of drinking water for Durham, Raleigh and surrounding cities. The goal of the study was
- [Industrial Facility Algal Turf Scrubber® Pilot](https://hydromentia.com/industrial-facility-algal-turf-scrubber-pilot/) - Central Florida (May 13, 2015) - HydroMentia was contracted by a Central Florida client to conduct a 2+ year pilot investigation designed to test the ATS™ technology’s ability to reduce excess nutrients from an industrial waste stream. Pilot objectives included (i) maximizing nitrogen and phosphorus load reduction and (ii) achieving the lowest possible nutrient outflow
- [K-Water Algal Turf Scrubber® Site Tour](https://hydromentia.com/k-water-algal-turf-scrubber-site-tour/) - Orlando and Vero Beach, Florida (April 18-19, 2017) - K-Water is a leading public corporation specializing in water management technology, focusing on providing the world with clean and accessible water. K-Water provides integrated solutions for water through development of water resources that are in harmony with nature, ecology, and the environment based on advanced water
- [International Workshop on Algal Bloom Management_Daejon, South Korea](https://hydromentia.com/international-workshop-on-algal-bloom-management_daejon-south-korea/) - Daejon, South Korea (July 13, 2017) Following K-Water staff's tour of Algal Turf Scrubber® systems in Florida in early 2017, HydroMentia Technologies, LLC was invited to present information on the Algal Turf Scrubber technology at the International Workshop on Algal Bloom Management in Daejon, South Korea. A copy of the presentation is linked below. 2017-07-13_Daejeon_South
- [Maryland Port Team Tours Algal Turf Scrubber® Systems](https://hydromentia.com/maryland-port-team-tours-algal-turf-scrubber-systems/) - Vero Beach, Florida (June 28, 2018) - A representative of the Maryland Department of Transportation Maryland Port Administration and engineers from Anchor QEA and NMP Engineering toured the Egret Marsh Algal Turf Scrubber® and Osprey Marsh Algal Turf Scrubber® (ATS™) systems to gain a better understanding of the ATS™ technology at utility scale. The Maryland Port
- [Innovative Technologies: Pilot Study of the Algae Turf Scrubber for Nutrient Reductions](https://hydromentia.com/innovative-technologies-pilot-study-of-the-algae-turf-scrubber-for-nutrient-reductions/) - Durham, North Carolina - Provided at the link below is a City of Durham staff presentation on Innovative Technologies—Pilot Study of the Algae Turf Scrubber. Discussion pertains to use of the Algal Turf Scrubber as a cost-effective option to meet Falls and Jordan Lake nutrient reduction goals. Cost per pound of nitrogen and phosphorus removed
- [Everglades Agricultural Area (STA-1W) Project Summary](https://hydromentia.com/sta-1w-project-summary/) - Ocala, Florida (January 30, 2010) The Algal Turf Scrubber® (ATS™) has been identified as a technology that could provide the SFWMD an additional tool for the cost effective removal and recovery of phosphorus within the Everglades ecosystem. The intent of the STA-1W ATS™ pilot study was to determine site specific ATS™ treatment performance based on
- [Orange County to Study Algae Based Water Treatment System for Restoration of Lake Lawne in Orlando, FL](https://hydromentia.com/orange-county-to-study-algae-based-water-treatment-system-for-restoration-of-lake-lawne-in-orlando-fl/) - Orlando, FL (March 2008) - In August 2007, HydroMentia was selected by Orange County to construct and operate two pilot Algal Turf Scrubber® (ATS™) systems at Lake Lawne in Orlando. Affected by population growth and excess pollutant loads, numerous Orlando lakes fail to meet Florida’s surface water quality standards. To address this concern, Federally mandated
- [Algal Bioremediation with HydroMentia](https://hydromentia.com/algal-bioremediation-with-hydromentia/) - Fakhoorian AlgaeIndustryMagazine.com A hot buzz term in the emerging algal industry, “algal bioremediation” means using algae to scrub nutrients from water systems as a cost-effective alternative to existing water treatment systems. Mark Zivojnovich, vice president of project development for HydroMentia, Inc. is an expert in this field. Mark, a native of Washington State, holds a
- [Salton Sea Algal Turf Scrubber® Installation](https://hydromentia.com/salton-sea-algal-turf-scrubber-installation/) - Salton Sea, California (January 30, 2017) - HydroMentia has completed installation of an 890’ long Algal Turf Scrubber® Pilot for Sandia National Laboratories. The pilot ATS™ facility is located at the Shank Wetlands which is owned and operated by the Imperial Irrigation District. Water from the Alamo River feeds the Shank Wetlands and ultimately discharges
- [Falls Lake Algal Turf Scrubber Pilot® Final Report](https://hydromentia.com/falls-lake-algal-turf-scrubber-pilot-final-report/) - Durham, North Carolina (June 25, 2017) - Durham, North Carolina (June 25, 2017) - The Final Pilot Report for application of the Algal Turf Scrubber® (ATS™) in the Falls Lake watershed was submitted to the City of Durham, North Carolina. Falls Lake is a primary source of drinking water for Durham, Raleigh and surrounding cities.
- [Santa Fe ATS™ Pilot Results](https://hydromentia.com/santa-fe-ats-pilot-results/) - Ocala, Florida (August 27, 2011) The Santa Fe Algal Turf Scrubber® Pilot Program was funded by the State of Florida, and Administered by the Suwannee River Water Management District (SRWMD), for the purpose of determining the cost effectiveness of applying the Algal Turf Scrubber® or ATS™ within the Suwannee River Basin for reduction of nutrient
- [BioHabitats and HydroMentia, Inc. to Study Algal Turf Scrubber® for Use in the Falls Lake, N.C. Watershed](https://hydromentia.com/biohabitats-hydromentia-inc-study-algal-turf-scrubber-use-falls-lake-n-c-watershed/) - Falls Lake, North Carolina (February 27, 2013) - The City of Durham, North Carolina awarded the team of BioHabitats and HydroMentia, Inc. a contract for a feasibility study on the Algal Turf Scrubber® (ATS™). Falls Lake is a primary source of drinking water for Durham, Raleigh and surrounding cities. The study will evaluate the ability
- [Algal Turf Scrubber® Chosen As One of NYC’s Stormwater BMP and Ecosystem Pilots](https://hydromentia.com/algal-turf-scrubber-chosen-as-one-of-nycs-stormwater-bmp-and-ecosystem-pilots/) - Ocala, Florida (May, 2008) HydroMentia’s Algal Turf Scrubber® has been chosen as one of 6 pilot projects to mitigate wetland loss and improve ecosystem function in New York City’s Jamaica Bay. The pilot projects will implement and monitor water quality benefits and effectiveness in various New York City communities. All of the chosen pilots will
- [Powell Creek ATS™ Pilot Results](https://hydromentia.com/powell-creek-ats-pilot-results/) - Ocala, Florida (October 20, 2010) An Algal Turf Scrubber® (ATS™) Pilot Facility was operated over the continuous period December 4, 2008 through December 10, 2009 for the purpose of determining the efficacy of the ATS™ technology in providing nutrient reduction and recovery from surface waters associated with the Powell Creek By-Pass Canal located in North
- [Audubon Chapter Applauds Environmental Benefits of the Egret Marsh Algal Turf Scrubber®](https://hydromentia.com/audubon-chapter-applauds-environmental-benefits-of-the-egret-marsh-algal-turf-scrubber/) - Vero Beach, Florida (May 11, 2011) - The Pelican Island Audubon Society named HydroMentia’s Allen Stewart and Indian River County’s Keith McCully as Conservationists of the Year. The Maggy Bowman/Conservationist of the Year Award recognizes recipients who made outstanding contributions in the area of conservation, promoting environmental concerns or educating the general public. The Egret
- [Reducing Nutrient Pollutants with Managed Aquatic Plant Systems](https://hydromentia.com/reducing-nutrient-pollutants-with-managed-aquatic-plant-systems/) - The responsibility of restoring and preserving Florida’s waters has become a top priority for water managers and planners throughout the state. The Florida Forever Act (FFA), Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP), and Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) among other programs were developed to establish water quality goals for impaired surface water bodies. These programs require officials
- [Indian River County, FL Contracts HydroMentia, Inc.](https://hydromentia.com/indian-river-county-fl-contracts-hydromentia-inc/) - Vero Beach, Florida (January 2006) - HydroMentia, Inc. has been awarded a contract to design an Algal Turf Scrubber® for Indian River County’s Egret Marsh Regional Stormwater Management Facility. The Algal Turf Scrubber® technology uses algae to remove excess nitrogen and phosphorus. Polluted water is conveyed to the Algal Turf unit, where it is pulsed
- [HydroMentia Polo Team Wins Charity Polo Tournament during Florida Horse Park’s Festival of the Horse](https://hydromentia.com/hydromentia-polo-team-wins-charity-polo-tournament-during-florida-horse-parks-festival-of-the-horse/) - Ocala, Florida (April 2007) - In the Day at the Park Polo Charity Tournament on April 21, 2007, the HydroMentia polo team took away the trophy and raised some funds for local charities at the Florida Horse Park. A total of six teams played polo during the tournament. Two teams played against each other that
- [HydroMentia’s Algal Turf Scrubber® (ATS™) Selected for 2008 Governor’s New Product Award](https://hydromentia.com/hydromentias-algal-turf-scrubber-ats-selected-for-2008-governors-new-product-award/) - Tallahassee, Florida (February 2008) - HydroMentia, Inc. has been awarded the Governor’s New Product Award for 2008 for the Algal Turf Scrubber®, a water treatment system that re- moves harmful nutrients from surface water. The award was presented to HydroMentia President Margaret Palmer and Vice President Mark Zivojnovich at an awards reception at The Capitol
- [HydroMentia,  Inc. Welcomes New Board Members](https://hydromentia.com/hydromentia-inc-welcomes-new-board-members/) - Ocala, Florida January 30, 2009 – HydroMentia a leading water treatment and algae production company announces the election of new board members: Kenneth H. (Buddy) MacKay, Jr., served as Lieutenant Governor of Florida from 1990 thru November, 1998 and as Governor following Governor Lawton Chiles death. He currently serves as a Volunteer Dependency Mediator in
- [Nomination Letter for the ITFlorida Excellence Sustainability Award](https://hydromentia.com/902/) - RE: Congratulations on the ITFlorida Award Nomination for HydroMentia. Dear Margaret: We are writing to inform you that your organization has been nominated for the ITFlorida Excellence in Sustainabilty Award. Congratulations on this achievement, we wish you the best as our judges review the nominations and select finalists in early October. Award winners will be

## Pages

- [Home](https://hydromentia.com/)
- [S-154 WHS-ATS, FL (0.5–1.0 MGD; 2003–2004)](https://hydromentia.com/s-154-whs-ats-fl-0-5-1-0-mgd-2003-2004/) - S-154 WHS-ATS was a 2003–2004 Lake Okeechobee Watershed demonstration using water hyacinths and ATS treatment for nutrient reduction.
- [S-154 ATS, FL (0.23 MGD; 2004)](https://hydromentia.com/s-154-ats-fl-0-23-mgd-2004/) - S-154 ATS was a 2004 single-pass Algal Turf Scrubber® study comparing linear hydraulic loading rates for nutrient load reduction.
- [STA-1W ATS, FL (29,000 GPD; 2008–2009)](https://hydromentia.com/sta-1w-ats-fl-29000-gpd-2008-2009/) - The STA-1W Algal Turf Scrubber® (ATS) pilot was implemented for the South Florida Water Management District to evaluate attached-algae treatment for additional phosphorus reduction and recovery from Stormwater Treatment Area 1W effluent in the Everglades ecosystem. The pilot was located along the STA-1W effluent canal, west of Cell 5B, and was operated for a full
- [Powell Creek ATS, FL (26,000 GPD; 2008–2009)](https://hydromentia.com/powell-creek-ats-fl-26000-gpd-2008-2009/) - Powell Creek ATS was a 2008–2009 Lee County pilot evaluating attached-algae treatment under tidal, brackish, and urban runoff conditions.
- [Lake Lawne In-Lake ATS, FL (28,000 GPD; 2009)](https://hydromentia.com/lake-lawne-in-lake-ats-fl-28000-gpd-2009/) - Lake Lawne In-Lake ATS was a 2009 urban Orlando pilot evaluating attached-algae treatment for lake restoration and nutrient reduction.
- [Taylor Creek ATS, FL (15 MGD; 2007–2010)](https://hydromentia.com/taylor-creek-ats-fl-15-mgd-2007-2010/) - Taylor Creek ATS was a 15 MGD full-scale nutrient recovery facility that provided major lessons on source-water effects and ATS performance.
- [PC-South/Osprey Marsh ATS, FL (28,000 GPD; 2011)](https://hydromentia.com/pc-south-osprey-marsh-ats-fl-28000-gpd-2011/) - PC-South/Osprey Marsh ATS evaluated treatment of blended RO concentrate and canal water for discharge compliance and water-quality improvement.
- [NYCDEP Rockaway ATS, NY (86,000 GPD, 2010–2011)](https://hydromentia.com/nycdep-rockaway-ats-ny-86000-gpd-2010-2011/) - The NYCDEP Rockaway Algal Turf Scrubber® (ATS) pilot was implemented in New York City to evaluate the use of attached-algae treatment for nitrogen and phosphorus load reduction within the Jamaica Bay watershed. The pilot was located adjacent to Jamaica Bay at the Rockaway Water Pollution Control Plant, where wastewater treatment plant flow was pumped through
- [Falls Lake ATS, NC (28,000 GPD; 2015–2017)](https://hydromentia.com/falls-lake-ats-nc-28000-gpd-2015-2017/) - The Falls Lake Algal Turf Scrubber® (ATS) pilot was implemented for the City of Durham, North Carolina, to evaluate the suitability of ATS technology for nitrogen and phosphorus load reduction through direct treatment of Falls Lake water. The pilot was located downstream of Interstate 85 and upstream of the Hickory Hill boat launch, where lake
- [Projects](https://hydromentia.com/projects/) - HydroMentia’s Algal Turf Scrubber® systems have been implemented and evaluated at full-scale facilities, pilot-scale demonstrations, research installations, and regional planning assessments for municipal, agricultural, stormwater, surface-water restoration, wastewater, aquaculture, and watershed applications. The links below provide access to selected HydroMentia ATS facilities, pilot studies, historical demonstrations, and regional planning assessments. Together, these pages document the
- [Everglades Agricultural Area ATS, FL (37,000 GPD; 1991–1992)](https://hydromentia.com/everglades-agricultural-area-ats-fl-37000-gpd-1991-1992/) - The Everglades Agricultural Area Algal Turf Scrubber® (ATS) pilot was one of the earliest outdoor field demonstrations of ATS technology for phosphorus removal from nutrient-enriched surface waters. The study was conducted in the New Hope region of the Everglades Agricultural Area, south of Lake Okeechobee, and evaluated controlled algal production using agricultural drainage canal water.
- [Patterson ATS, CA (0.12–0.32 MGD; 1993–1996)](https://hydromentia.com/patterson-ats-ca-0-12-0-32-mgd-1993-1996/) - Patterson ATS was a 1993–1996 California pilot evaluating Algal Turf Scrubber® treatment of secondary municipal wastewater.
- [Harmony Creek Aquaculture ATS, FL (30 MGD; 1998–2000s)](https://hydromentia.com/harmony-creek-aquaculture-ats-fl-30-mgd-1998-2000s/) - Harmony Creek Aquaculture ATS was HydroMentia’s 30 MGD closed recirculating aquaculture facility demonstrating ATS and water hyacinth treatment at scale.
- [Santa Fe ATS, FL (53,000 GPD; 2010–2011)](https://hydromentia.com/santa-fe-ats-fl-53000-gpd-2010-2011/) - Santa Fe ATS evaluated attached-algae treatment for nutrient reduction and dissolved oxygen enhancement in the Suwannee River Basin.
- [Egret Marsh ATS, FL (10 MGD; 2010–Present)](https://hydromentia.com/egret-marsh-ats-fl-10-mgd-2010-present/) - Egret Marsh ATS is a full-scale Algal Turf Scrubber® facility in Florida supporting nutrient recovery, solids management, and wetland polishing.
- [Osprey Marsh ATS, FL (10 MGD; 2015–Present)](https://hydromentia.com/osprey-marsh-ats-10-mgd-2015-present/) - Osprey Marsh ATS is a full-scale Algal Turf Scrubber® facility in Indian River County, Florida, supporting nutrient removal and biomass harvesting.
- [Maryland Port Administration ATS, MD (144,000 GPD; 2013-2019)](https://hydromentia.com/maryland-port-authority-md-144000-gpd-2013-2019/) - Maryland Port ATS pilot evaluated attached-algae treatment for nutrient reduction, sediment capture, biomass recovery, and dewatering.
- [Suwannee River Regional ATS Assessment, FL (3,000 MGD Concept; 2006)](https://hydromentia.com/suwannee-river-regional-ats-assessment-fl-3000-mgd-concept-2006/) - Suwannee River Regional ATS Assessment evaluated a 3,000 MGD concept for nutrient reduction using large-scale attached-algae treatment.
- [Projects Summary: Inflow Nutrient Concentrations](https://hydromentia.com/facility-summary-inflow-nutrient-concentrations/) - This summary table provides representative influent total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations for selected HydroMentia Algal Turf Scrubber® facilities and pilot studies. The values are intended to help reviewers interpret ATS performance in the context of source-water nutrient concentrations. Many HydroMentia ATS systems were operated on surface waters, treated effluents, blended waters, or post-treatment waters
- [Contact](https://hydromentia.com/contact/) - To obtain information about applying Algal Turf Scrubber® technology to your project, or to discuss HydroMentia’s other products and services, please contact HydroMentia directly by phone or email. Phone: (352) 804-5126 Email: mzivo@hydromentia.com
- [Proven](https://hydromentia.com/technologies/algal-turf-scrubber/features-and-benefits-proven/) - Algal Turf Scrubber® systems are supported by decades of research, pilot-scale demonstrations, and full-scale facility operation across a range of water treatment applications. Since the late 1970s, researchers and practitioners have evaluated attached algae systems for the recovery and removal of nitrogen, phosphorus, and other constituents from domestic wastewater, agricultural runoff, stormwater, and impaired surface
- [Algal Turf Scrubber®](https://hydromentia.com/technologies/algal-turf-scrubber/) - The Algal Turf Scrubber® (ATS) is an engineered attached-algae treatment system that uses periphyton-based algal communities grown on shallow floways to remove nutrients from water. By optimizing algae’s natural capacity for nutrient uptake, filtration, and biomass production, ATS technology provides reliable and quantifiable nutrient pollution control. Watch the HydroMentia Water Treatment Technologies video, “Cleaning Water Algal Turf Scrubber® technology removes nutrients from impaired waters using attached algae, high-rate floways, and recoverable biomass.
- [Egret Marsh Pilot ATS, FL (30,500 GPD; 2005)](https://hydromentia.com/egret-marsh-pilot-ats-fl-30500-gpd-2005/) - Egret Marsh Pilot ATS was a 2005 bench-scale study evaluating Lateral C Canal water for attached-algae growth and nutrient recovery in Indian River County.
- [ATS Library](https://hydromentia.com/resources/ats-library/) - 2017. 2016 Osprey Marsh Annual Performance Review Report. Indian River County Department of Utility Services. Performance Review for the Indian River County Osprey Marsh Algal Turf Scrubber Wetland Treatment System, January 1, 2016–December 31, 2016. Indian River County’s annual performance review summarizes 2016 operations, permit compliance, nutrient removal performance, flow data, water quality monitoring, and
- [Reduced Land Requirements](https://hydromentia.com/technologies/algal-turf-scrubber/features-and-benefits-reduced-land-requirements/) - Algal Turf Scrubber® systems are designed to operate at high hydraulic loading rates while maintaining active attached algal growth and routine biomass harvesting. Because ATS systems combine shallow floway hydraulics with high algal productivity, they can achieve high areal nutrient removal rates compared with many lower-rate passive treatment systems. Osprey Marsh ATS floway and distribution
- [Simple Operations](https://hydromentia.com/technologies/algal-turf-scrubber/features-and-benefits-simple-operations/) - Algal Turf Scrubber® systems are designed for practical, repeatable operation using shallow floways, controlled hydraulic loading, and routine biomass harvesting. Once constructed and started up, the basic operating objective is straightforward: maintain active algal growth, distribute flow evenly across the treatment surface, harvest accumulated biomass, and monitor water quality and system performance. Osprey Marsh ATS ATS systems use shallow flowways, controlled hydraulic loading, and routine biomass harvesting to support practical long-term operation.
- [About](https://hydromentia.com/about/) - HydroMentia Technologies LLC develops and supports natural, cost-effective, and sustainable water treatment technologies for nutrient reduction, water quality improvement, and aquatic ecosystem restoration. The company’s work is centered on the Algal Turf Scrubber® (ATS), an attached-algae treatment technology that uses managed algal growth and periodic biomass harvesting to remove nutrients from water. HydroMentia’s experience includes
- [End Products](https://hydromentia.com/end-products/) - Features and Benefits HydroMentia’s treatment technologies are designed not only to remove nutrients from water, but also to recover those nutrients in harvestable plant or algal biomass. This biomass recovery step is central to the long-term sustainability of managed aquatic plant and attached-algae treatment systems. In Algal Turf Scrubber® (ATS) systems, algae grow on engineered
- [How it Works](https://hydromentia.com/algal-turf-scrubber/how-it-works/) - ATS video The Algal Turf Scrubber® (ATS) uses managed attached algae to recover excess nitrogen, phosphorus, and other constituents from water. By optimizing natural algal growth under controlled hydraulic and harvesting conditions, ATS systems provide a sustainable treatment platform for nutrient reduction, water-quality improvement, and aquatic ecosystem restoration. Polluted water is conveyed to the ATS
- [Scalable/Adaptable](https://hydromentia.com/technologies/algal-turf-scrubber/features-and-benefits-scalableadaptable/) - Algal Turf Scrubber® systems can be configured for a wide range of water quality objectives, flow rates, site constraints, and implementation scales. ATS treatment units are modular, allowing systems to be designed for pilot-scale evaluation, phased implementation, or full-scale regional nutrient management. Individual ATS treatment units can be designed as standardized modules sized to match ATS systems can be scaled and adapted for stormwater, wastewater polishing, agricultural runoff, and surface-water restoration projects.
- [Cost Effective](https://hydromentia.com/technologies/algal-turf-scrubber/features-and-benefits-cost-effective/) - HydroMentia’s managed aquatic plant systems can be designed to reduce nutrient pollutants to low receiving-water or natural background concentrations while maintaining competitive capital and operating costs. Algal Turf Scrubber® systems are especially suited for applications where high-rate nutrient removal, reduced land requirements, and recoverable biomass are important project objectives. Passive wetland treatment systems have been ATS systems can support cost-effective nutrient removal through high areal removal rates, reduced land needs, and biomass recovery.
- [Natural](https://hydromentia.com/technologies/algal-turf-scrubber/features-and-benefits-natural/) - Algal Turf Scrubber® technology uses naturally occurring attached algal communities to recover excess nitrogen and phosphorus from water. By creating shallow, sunlit floway conditions that support rapid algal growth, ATS systems use natural biological processes as the basis for cost-effective nutrient removal and recovery. Water is conveyed to the ATS floway, where it moves across ATS technology uses attached algal growth, sunlight, shallow flowways, and biomass harvesting to support natural nutrient recovery.
- [Point Source Pollution](https://hydromentia.com/applications/point-source-pollution/) - Algal Turf Scrubber® technology can be applied to point source discharges where additional nutrient reduction or effluent polishing is needed to meet water quality objectives. Thirty-MGD aquaculture facility with integrated ATS treatment area. Point source applications can include managed discharges where additional nutrient reduction or effluent polishing is needed. Point source applications may include municipal
- [Nonpoint Source Pollution](https://hydromentia.com/applications/nonpoint-source-pollution/) - Algal Turf Scrubber® technology can be applied to nonpoint source pollution where nutrient loads are carried in stormwater runoff, agricultural drainage, surface-water flows, and other distributed water sources. Egret Marsh ATS polishing pond. Regional treatment systems can help address nonpoint source pollution where large water volumes carry relatively dilute nutrient loads. Nonpoint source applications are
- [Biofuels and Bioproducts](https://hydromentia.com/end-products/biofuels/) - Algal Turf Scrubber® systems produce harvestable algal biomass while removing nutrients from impaired surface waters, stormwater, agricultural runoff, and selected wastewater streams. This creates an important opportunity: the same biological production that supports water quality improvement may also provide feedstock for renewable fuels, bioproducts, and resource recovery. Algae-based biofuel research has historically focused on suspended
- [Container Media and Soil Amendment](https://hydromentia.com/end-products/compost/) - Harvested algal biomass from Algal Turf Scrubber® systems can be processed into composted algae for potential use as a horticultural substrate, container-media component, compost, or soil amendment, depending on source-water quality, processing methods, and market requirements. USDA Agricultural Research Service research evaluated composted algae as an alternative substrate for horticultural crop production. This work was
- [System Operations Support](https://hydromentia.com/services/system-operations/) - HydroMentia provides operations support for Algal Turf Scrubber® and Water Hyacinth Scrubber systems, including pilot-scale demonstrations, full-scale facility planning, startup support, performance evaluation, and long-term operational optimization. Successful managed aquatic plant treatment systems depend on more than basic construction. Hydraulic loading, flow distribution, harvest frequency, biomass handling, solids management, monitoring, and seasonal operating conditions all
- [Proven](https://hydromentia.com/technologies/water-hyacinth-scrubber/features-and-benefits-proven/) - Water hyacinth systems have proven effective in dairy and municipal waste applications for nearly 40 years. HydroMentia’s leadership in hyacinth technology comes with its staff’s nearly 40 years combined experience in the design and operation of commercial water hyacinth systems. HydroMentia’s unique WHS design assures its position as a market leader in the development of
- [Engineering and Design Support](https://hydromentia.com/services/engineering-and-design-services/) - HydroMentia provides specialized technology support for the planning, layout, and implementation of Algal Turf Scrubber® and managed aquatic plant treatment systems. This support is based on decades of experience developing, designing, operating, and evaluating full-scale and pilot-scale ATS facilities. Most new projects are implemented through partnerships with engineering firms, utilities, agencies, and project owners. HydroMentia’s
- [Managed Biomass Recovery](https://hydromentia.com/technologies/water-hyacinth-scrubber/features-and-benefits-patented/) - Water Hyacinth Scrubber systems are designed around active plant growth, routine harvesting, and managed biomass recovery. This distinguishes WHS from unmanaged water hyacinth growth, where excessive plant accumulation can create operational, ecological, and water quality problems. In a managed WHS system, water hyacinths are cultivated under controlled treatment conditions and harvested to remove accumulated plant
- [Cost Effective](https://hydromentia.com/technologies/water-hyacinth-scrubber/features-and-benefits-cost-effective/) - Due to their simple design and operations, Water Hyacinth Scrubber systems are often more cost-effective than either passive treatment wetland systems or more intensive chemical treatment systems. The WHS is applied in tropical and sub-tropical regions where nutrient and organic loads are relatively high. Most frequently, these are agricultural or domestic wastewaters. The WHS has
- [Simple Operations](https://hydromentia.com/technologies/water-hyacinth-scrubber/features-and-benefits-simple-operations/) - HydroMentia’s experience with Algal Turf Scrubber® and Water Hyacinth Scrubber systems includes system harvesting, biomass management, performance evaluation, and operational troubleshooting. Effective harvesting and routine system oversight are critical to maintaining active plant or algal growth, sustaining treatment performance, and recovering accumulated biomass from the treatment process. Although HydroMentia does not currently provide full-time facility
- [Water Hyacinth Scrubber](https://hydromentia.com/technologies/water-hyacinth-scrubber/) - HydroMentia’s Water Hyacinth Scrubber (WHS) is a managed floating aquatic plant system that uses water hyacinth’s natural productivity to remove nutrients and other pollutants from wastewater and impaired surface waters. Water hyacinths have been used for decades in treatment applications, including agricultural wastewaters, livestock operations, and other nutrient-rich waters. In addition to nitrogen and phosphorus,
- [CO2](https://hydromentia.com/technologies/algal-turf-scrubber/pollution-control-co2/) - A beneficial feature of Algal Turf Scrubber® technology is the recovery of carbon through photosynthetic algal growth. As attached algal communities grow on the ATS floway, carbon dioxide is incorporated into new algal biomass along with nitrogen, phosphorus, and other constituents removed from the water. This carbon recovery is directly linked to the water-treatment function
- [Phosphorus](https://hydromentia.com/technologies/algal-turf-scrubber/pollution-control-phosphorus/) - Algal Turf Scrubber® technology can be designed and operated to support a wide range of phosphorus reduction goals, including load reduction, surface-water restoration, stormwater treatment, agricultural runoff treatment, and advanced wastewater polishing. Phosphorus is removed through a combination of algal uptake, filtration, natural precipitation, and biomass recovery. As water flows across the ATS floway, attached
- [Nitrogen](https://hydromentia.com/technologies/algal-turf-scrubber/pollution-control-nitrogen/) - Algal Turf Scrubber® technology can be designed and operated to meet a wide range of nitrogen reduction goals. ATS systems have been applied to surface water, agricultural runoff, and domestic wastewater with total nitrogen concentrations ranging from approximately 1 to 18 parts per million (ppm). Whether the treatment objective is nitrogen load reduction to support
- [Low-Concentration Treatment](https://hydromentia.com/technologies/algal-turf-scrubber/features-and-benefits-patented/) - Algal Turf Scrubber® systems can be designed to recover nutrients from relatively low-concentration source waters and to support treatment toward low receiving-water or near-background nutrient concentrations. Early-stage Algal Turf Scrubber® development included floating-screen studies in clear tropical waters, illustrating algal growth and nutrient capture under low-concentration conditions. Early ATS research in low-nutrient tropical marine environments
- [WHS FAQs](https://hydromentia.com/resources/whs-faqs/)
- [WHS Library](https://hydromentia.com/resources/whs-library/) - 2005. S-154 Pilot ATS™ - WHS™ Aquatic Plant Treatment System Final Report. HydroMentia, Inc., Contract C-13933 prepared for the South Florida Water Management District, Florida Department of Environmental Protection and Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. A pilot investigation of a two-stage nonpoint source water treatment system in the Lake Okeechobee watershed consisting of a
- [ATS FAQ](https://hydromentia.com/resources/ats-faq/)
- [Applications](https://hydromentia.com/applications/) - Managed aquatic plant systems, featuring Algal Turf Scrubber® technology, provide a scalable approach for nitrogen and phosphorus control in surface water, stormwater, agricultural runoff, and wastewater applications. In addition to nutrient removal, these systems may support recovery or isolation of selected trace metals, hydrocarbons, and other constituents found in some stormwater and wastewater streams. Applications
- [Applications](https://hydromentia.com/algal-turf-scrubber/applications/) - Nitrogen Control Algal Turf Scrubber® technology can be designed and operated to meet a wide range of nitrogen reduction goals. ATS systems have been applied to surface water, agricultural runoff, and domestic wastewater with total nitrogen concentrations ranging from approximately 1 to 18 parts per million (ppm). Whether the treatment objective is nitrogen load reduction
- [HydroMentia Team](https://hydromentia.com/about-hydromentia/hydromentia-team/) - Mark J. Zivojnovich provides strategic direction and leadership as HydroMentia Technologies LLC’s President. A founding member of HydroMentia, Inc., Mr. Zivojnovich holds a B.S. degree from Oregon State University, and a M.S. from Auburn University. Mr. Zivojnovich has over 30 years of experience in a broad scope of environmental projects; including strategic planning, marketing, design,
- [Pilot Testing](https://hydromentia.com/services/pilot-testing/) - HydroMentia’s Algal Turf Scrubber® Mobile Pilot Unit is the ideal system for optimizing site specific Algal Turf Scrubber® design with its economical and mobile engineering. The Mobile Pilot Unit replicates full scale Algal Turf Scrubber® systems, incorporating surge motion and biomass recovery. Algal Turf Scrubber® performance can be assessed on site, aiding in development of
- [Request for Information](https://hydromentia.com/about-hydromentia/request-for-information/) - To obtain information about application of an Algal Turf Scrubber® for your project, please complete the information below and submit the form.
- [Services](https://hydromentia.com/about/services/) - HydroMentia offers a full range of services to support its cost-effective water treatment solutions. From field investigations to full-scale system design, construction and operations, HydroMentia’s team is motivated to provide its governmental, municipal, and corporate clients with cost savings and efficient programs to address their nutrient pollution control needs. HydroMentia’s team of experts includes professional
- [Core Team](https://hydromentia.com/about/core-team/) - Mark J. Zivojnovich (mzivo@hydromentia.com) provides strategic direction and leadership as the company’s President. A native of Washington state, Mr. Zivojnovich holds a B.S. degree from Oregon State University, and a M.S. from Auburn University and is a founding member of HydroMentia, Inc. Mr. Zivojnovich has over 30 years of experience in a broad scope of environmental
- [Case Studies](https://hydromentia.com/case-studies/) - Taylor Creek Algal Turf Scrubber® Nutrient Recovery Facility for Phosphorus and Nitrogen Control The South Florida Water Management District, Florida Department of Environmental Protection and the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services have contracted HydroMentia to build and operate an Algal Turf Scrubber® at Taylor Creek. This system was constructed to reduce phosphorus loads
- [Privacy](https://hydromentia.com/privacy/) - PRIVACY POLICY IMPORTANT. READ THE ENTIRE DOCUMENT TO THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE! By accessing, browsing and/or using this Site, you acknowledge that you have read, understood and agree to be bound by the terms of this END-USER LICENSE AGREEMENT/PRIVACY POLICY (“Agreement”) and to comply with all applicable local, state and federal laws and regulations.
- [Natural](https://hydromentia.com/technologies/water-hyacinth-scrubber/features-and-benefits-natural/) - Water hyacinth dominated ecosystems are some of the most productive in the world, due to the plant’s natural ability to rapidly assimilate nutrients. Engineered WHS™ systems create a beneficial use for the highly productive water hyacinth by maximizing nutrient assimilation while assuring plant control. The resulting hyacinth biomass is converted into marketable end-products.
- [Brochures/Documentation](https://hydromentia.com/resources/brochures/) - ATS™ Technical Brochure HydroMentia Corporate Brochure
- [CO2 Recovery](https://hydromentia.com/applications/co2-recovery/) - A secondary benefit of the Algal Turf Scrubber® is the recovery of carbon dioxide (CO2). Researchers across the globe are racing to investigate the application of algae-based treatment systems for recovery of CO2 and production of algal biomass and biofuels. Currently, researchers have focused primarily on phytoplankton-based algae systems. However, the Algal Turf Scrubber® may
- [Technologies](https://hydromentia.com/technologies/) - HydroMentia offers managed aquatic plant systems for cost-effective and sustainable water treatment. Whether the treatment goal is pollutant load or concentration reduction, these systems meet stringent new regulatory standards with minimal land requirements. The Algal Turf Scrubber® provides the industry’s highest nitrogen and phosphorus removal rates. Capable of operating within a broad range of temperatures,
- [Regional Phosphorus Control Water Treatment Facility](https://hydromentia.com/case-studies/regional-phosphorus-control-water-treatment-facility/) - Challenge The South Florida Water Management District, Florida Department of Environmental Protection and the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services contracted HydroMentia to build a prototype Algal Turf Scrubber® surface water treatment facility in the Lake Okeechobee Watershed (LOW). The prototype was constructed to quantify performance while optimizing for phosphorus load removal, (ii) refine
- [Taylor Creek Nutrient Recovery Facility](https://hydromentia.com/case-studies/taylor-creek-algal-turf-scrubber/) - Challenge The South Florida Water Management District, Florida Department of Environmental Protection and the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services have contracted HydroMentia to build and operate an Algal Turf Scrubber® at Taylor Creek. This system was constructed to reduce phosphorus loads discharged from Taylor Creek to Lake Okeechobee. Solution The Taylor Creek Algal
- [Services](https://hydromentia.com/services/) - HydroMentia offers a full range of services to support its cost-effective water treatment solutions. From field investigations to full-scale system design, construction and operations, HydroMentia’s team is motivated to provide its governmental, municipal, and corporate clients with cost savings and efficient programs to address their nutrient pollution control needs. HydroMentia’s team of experts includes professional
- [About HydroMentia](https://hydromentia.com/about-hydromentia/) - HydroMentia is a water pollution control company specializing in natural, cost-effective, and sustainable water treatment technologies. Nutrient pollutants are recovered within managed aquatic plant systems, which utilize high-rate biological nutrient uptake capabilities of aquatic vegetation. The HydroMentia team, with over 80 years of combined experience, has dedicated its efforts to the protection and restoration of
- [Lake Restoration](https://hydromentia.com/applications/lake-restoration/) - Serving as an “artificial kidney,” ATS™ units can be designed to recover incoming pollutant loads to meet TMDL mandates while reducing nutrient pollutants stored within lake sediments. The net result is a reduction of in-lake nutrient concentrations, improved water clarity, enhanced littoral zone communities, and fisheries restoration.
- [Scalable/Adaptable](https://hydromentia.com/technologies/water-hyacinth-scrubber/features-and-benefits-scalableadaptable/) - Water Hyacinth Scrubber systems offer custom solutions that can be sized to meet nearly any pollution reduction goal and water flow condition. Individual treatment units are constructed in standard modules from one to 15 acres. For larger flows, standardized units are combined into a single treatment facility. This approach further reduces land area requirements while
- [Algal Turf Scrubber](https://hydromentia.com/algal-turf-scrubber/) - The Algal Turf Scrubber® offers unparalleled performance for nutrient pollution control by optimizing algae’s natural capabilities to recover excess nutrients from water. The Algal Turf Scrubber® serves as a culture unit for periphytic algae, some of the most prolific and productive plant species on earth. The diverse nature of these systems, along with the fact
- [Subscribe to Newsletter](https://hydromentia.com/about-hydromentia/subscribe-to-newsletter/) - Thank you for your interest in our newsletter. If you would like to subscribe to our newsletter, please send an email to info@hydromentia.com.
- [Livestock Feed](https://hydromentia.com/end-products/livestock-feed/) - Livestock feed is another effective end-use of harvested biomass produced in larger Algal Turf Scrubber® facilities, particularly in on-farm applications. Dried algal biomass tends to be higher in protein than alfalfa, often over 25% on a dry weight basis. A dried feed product would offer the benefit of long-term storage capability and a nationwide market.
- [Egret Marsh Regional Stormwater Facility](https://hydromentia.com/case-studies/egret-marsh-regional-stormwater-facility/) - Challenge The Egret Marsh Regional Stormwater Facility is being designed to treat fertilizer-laden urban and agricultural runoff currently discharging to the Indian River Lagoon. By reducing nitrogen and phosphorus levels, HydroMentia’s ATS™ will allow the county to better meet Federal Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) limits for these nutrients and avoid harmful algal blooms while
- [Board of Directors](https://hydromentia.com/about/board-of-directors/) - Donald Panoz Chairman of the Board of Directors Don Panoz, a co-founder of HydroMentia, has influenced pharmaceutical drug development, wine making, professional sports car racing and more in the course of his career. His business ventures and community service roles have varied widely to encompass his diverse interests. Whitfield M. Palmer, Jr. Vice-Chairman of the
- [General](https://hydromentia.com/about/general/)
- [Benefits](https://hydromentia.com/algal-turf-scrubber/benefits/) - Cost Effective HydroMentia’s pollution control systems can be designed to reduce pollutants to natural background levels at a fraction of the capital and operating costs of competing technologies. No other technology has been shown to reduce nutrient pollutants to background levels (10-40 ppb total phosphorus) while converting residuals to a marketable commodity. Passive wetland treatment
- [Results](https://hydromentia.com/algal-turf-scrubber/results/) - Algal Turf Scrubber® systems are supported by a 30 year performance record in research and commercial applications. Since the late 1970s, researchers from around the U.S. have developed the use of Algal Turf Scrubber® systems for recovery of excess nitrogen and phosphorus from domestic and agricultural wastewater, and more recently stormwater. These studies repeatedly showed
- [Additional Uses](https://hydromentia.com/algal-turf-scrubber/additional-uses/) - A secondary benefit of the Algal Turf Scrubber® is the recovery of carbon dioxide (CO2). Researchers across the globe are racing to investigate the application of algae-based treatment systems for recovery of CO2 and production of algal biomass and biofuels. Currently, researchers have focused primarily on phytoplankton-based algae systems. However, the Algal Turf Scrubber® may
- [Additional Technologies](https://hydromentia.com/additional-technologies/) - Advances in managed aquatic plant technology have lead to its acceptance as a leading nutrient control method for regional stormwater treatment. The Algal Turf Scrubber® and Water Hyacinth Scrubber have been proven in municipal wastewater and regional stormwater treatment applications. The process of harvesting plant biomass leads to high productivity, allowing these systems to produce
- [Resources](https://hydromentia.com/resources/)
- [Board of Directors](https://hydromentia.com/about-hydromentia/board-of-directors/)
- [Video](https://hydromentia.com/resources/video/)

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